Thursday, May 18, 2017

HPLHS - The H.P. Lovecraft Historical Society; Alien: Covenant

Fast-paced, terrifying and exploring new and fascinating ideas, Alien: Covenant is a great contribution to the franchise. If it doesn't quite manage the sublime brilliance of the original Alien and is a little muddled in places, it is, as a stand-alone, still a good movie and well worth your time.

Review by William Dean
May 17, 2017

It is impossible to properly discuss Alien: Covenant without referring to its predecessors in the franchise. Ergo be aware that the following review will then inevitably contain spoilers for Alien (1979) and Prometheus (2012) – the reviewer will however refrain from revealing significant details about Alien: Covenant itself.

One likes to imagine that Lovecraft could only have approved of Ridley Scott's 1979 movie Alien. It is that rare movie that perfectly balances mood, theme, and pace but also conveys concisely and articulately its message: that which lies beyond our tiny sphere of knowledge is terrifying; to seek too far is to eventually find nightmares that will destroy us. This very same idea is key to much of Lovecraft's fiction-writing and personal philosophy – but one imagines he would also have admired Alien's method. Amongst its stand-out components we can point to the claustrophobic sets, Alan Goldsmith's brilliantly unsettling score, Giger's hideous designs and of course the terrified performances of its cast. Collectively these elements pluck at some of humanity's primal fears and successfully induce a deep sense of unease in the audience that has rarely been equalled, before or since, in the medium of cinema. It is a superb example of unity-of-effect in storytelling. As a stand-alone movie Alien is flawless.

It is not then until 2012's Alien prequel Prometheus that we see the same themes revisited within the franchise. Aliens (1986), Alien 3 (1992) and Alien: Resurrection (1997) are all entertaining and effective in their own ways – but they have different aims, different messages and different ideas. Prometheus, however, harks back to that original concept found in Lovecraft's writings, that should we venture outside our sheltered harbour of ignorance we may find that our new knowledge comes at too great a cost.

Recall: a crew of scientists and explorers follows a trail into space on the starship Prometheus, drawing on clues left by early man, hoping to find the truth of humanity's origins. Full of hope and optimism at what they might learn, instead they discover that humanity was created, at best, as some sort of lesser and inferior species; at worst, we were bred by our creators – known as the Engineers – to be slaves, animals, food, fodder and raw material for their terrible technology. Humanity may even have been an accident. The message at the core of Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness (1933) has rarely been displayed with such stark brutality. Humanity's forerunners, on meeting their creations, turn out to be anything but kind and benevolent to their descendants: when the android David speaks to the awakened Engineer in its own language, stating magnate Peter Weyland's belief that his [Weyland's] faltering life can be extended by the Engineers, it flies into a rage and murders the party. We do not know exactly why, but we can make an educated guess. Perhaps David broke some cultural taboo; but more likely the Engineer's reaction was simply the shock and anger of being addressed in one's own tongue by, what was to it, the discarded afterbirth of an abandoned science-experiment. Before our protagonists manage to stop the Engineer we see it laying in a course to Earth – presumably to correct a mistake by eradicating the aberrative human race. The movie ends with Dr. Shaw and David, the only survivors, leaving the planet and seeking the Engineer's homeworld in its own, intending to confront their creators on their own terms.

Conceptually the Prometheus movie is a direct successor to Alien. It takes that terrifyingly bleak cosmic reality and moves it one step further, twisting the notion of human-centric teleology – the idea that humanity is moving in a specific direction under the direction of a deity – quite wickedly. Something was directing humanity – but it wasn't God.

So now we come to Alien: Covenant, the next film in the Alien series, direct sequel to Prometheus, and, if we're honest, a movie with some big conceptual boots to fill and a lot of expectations to live up to. For the most part, it manages them.

Briefly overviewing its plot: a decade after the events of Prometheus the spaceship Covenant, laden with sleeping colonists and frozen human embryos, arrives over a seemingly perfect new world. With their cargo still safely in hibernation, Covenant's crew descend to the planet's surface to reconnoitre and evaluate their potential new home. It is difficult to say more without giving away pertinent details – but suffice to say that their paradise is not what it seems. The crew discover the legacy of Prometheus's voyage and they must pay the price for what mankind has done. To say any more would be to ruin the opportunity for you to discover it for yourself. In fact if the reviewer had one piece of advice, it would be to avoid watching the trailer for the movie embedded above – even that shows too much!

Covenant works within the same concept of cosmic pessimism, but takes a different approach to Prometheus. It is worth considering the mythology associated with the latter: Prometheus was the man who stole fire from the Gods in order to warm humanity and engender civilisation. The Gods however were angry at his theft; Prometheus' punishment for elevating humanity was to be chained helpless to a rock and to have his liver pecked out by birds for all eternity. This fits perfectly with the theme of the movie Prometheus – mankind reaches for fire, but must pay a terrible price.
Covenant, if we continue the Classical theme, is more about hubris: arrogance; defiance of the gods. Mankind have created subservient androids that are intellectually and physically superior to itself – this movie introduces the new android Walter (played with precision by Michael Fassbender) – and we are beginning to reach out, as a species, to new worlds. Humanity's future looks bright, optimistic, safe and assured – but there is an arrogant insolence to our character. This is wonderfully illustrated in a flashback scene at the very beginning of a movie between the newly minted android David (also Fassbender) and a young Peter Weyland (played with perfect smugness by Guy Pearce). In Covenant it is this presumption that may prove our downfall. The price of hubris, in Classical mythology, is nemesis: the inescapable agent of inevitable vengeance.

It is also worth considering the original working title of Covenant: originally the movie was to be called Alien: Paradise Lost. A literal reading of the title "Paradise Lost" would have been a perfect fit for this movie; however many other parallels can be made between Milton's epic poem and this movie: the innocence of Adam and Eve and their folly; the great tempter Satan – himself only a product of his creator. This latter idea in particular is a strong theme in the movie – the relationship between creator and creation: how can we ever be anything more than that for which we were made? In his dual role as the androids David and Walter, Fassbender portrays this dilemma wonderfully. So there is the relationship between humankind and android; but then also there comes the relationship between the Engineers and humankind. There are interesting parallels hinted at, that the Engineers as creators may have more in common with humanity than is first apparent. Although the concepts are never fully explored or fleshed out in Covenant they are clearly on the writers' minds and the question is posed. As readers of Lovecraft we cannot help but think of At the Mountains of Madness – that moment when Professor Dyer makes the staggering realisation that the Elder Things, like the Engineers in the Alien franchise, were, in their own way, men.

It is worth acknowledging that technically the film is magnificent: beautifully shot with fabulous effects and superbly acted. It comes with all the right boxes ticked, and on most levels Covenant is a success. The look and aesthetics are very strong; the costumes and technology sit somewhere between the custom-fitted bleeding-edge gear seen on the high-profile mission on the prototype Prometheus and the mass-produced cheap functionality of the working space-hauler the Nostromo: it says something about where the movie sits within the franchise's timeline, and helps with a sense of continuity. Elements like this give the sense that the film is very-well thought-out and complete. It is, for the most part, a very good film. The pacing in particular is brilliant – although that should perhaps be qualified by saying that, for such a conceptual film, it could have benefited with taking its time over certain moments. This is not just for introspection and ideas, which help drive mood, but also sometimes to enhance action. The drawn-out death of Kane in Alien is one of the greatest moments in cinema; the entire movie is terror moving like molasses. Covenant could have stood to learn this lesson. And like Alien, Covenant has a fantastic ensemble cast; but unlike Alien, Covenant does not spend time enough with nearly any of them to significantly contribute to the plot.

It is also sadly worth mentioning there are also occasional moments of lazy scripting. While Covenant does not suffer from this as much as its immediate predecessor Prometheus, there are nevertheless some moments of rather questionable stupidity from the characters. These are of the so well-known and so frequently-lampooned type that the movie Cabin in the Woods tells a bemusing fantastic horror story explaining them away. The viewer finds themselves trying to find explanations for the characters' behaviour as they occasionally act without any sense of self-preservation. Ultimately even if the viewer can come up with an explanation, their very presence distracts from the movie and suspends belief. They are especially unforgivable because they are for the most part easily fixable with very minor changes to script and dialogue.

The reviewer is aware that he has written almost as much about Prometheus in this review as he has about Covenant. This is because Covenant, packed with good ideas as it is, is sometimes a touch muddled and incoherent. In writing this review and thinking about the earlier movies in the franchise, however, Covenant immediately made much more sense. The movies work phenomenally well as a pair but individually — especially Covenant — they sadly do not feel entirely complete.

The reviewer must end with an acknowledgement that he is very demanding in his expectations of a Ridley Scott Alien movie. If the reader can excuse a brief moment of autobiography, the first three Alien movies were very much a part of the reviewer's childhood. He remembers school friends, with elder siblings happy to share videos and parents with more liberal and open ideas as to what a young child may watch on TV, telling stories about the Alien movies: the eggs, the face-huggers, the chest-busters, the barracuda-like inner-jaws of the aliens, the flame-throwers, the motion sensors, the terror. He read the novelisations by Alan Dean Foster around the age of ten, watched the movies as soon as his over-indulgent grandparents would let him, around the age of 11, and in his early teenage years read every bad Alien comic and novel he could get his hands on. He watched Alien every weekend for at least a year or so around the age of 12. He still finds that original movie terrifying. Eighteen months after buying Alien: Isolation he still finds the game too tense and frightening to play for more than very short periods (Ripley is still hiding in a locker somewhere in medbay looking for a surgery kit). It's safe to say he's a big fan: Alien means a great deal to him. So he has high expectations, and is demanding more from this movie than most.

Alien: Covenant isn't everything he had been waiting and hoping for. It's not perfect. But it's pretty damn good, and worth your money.

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

The Secret History of William Gibson’s Never-Filmed ‘Aliens’ Sequel


An alien (left) and William Gibson. Photo: Twentieth Century Fox/Richard Lautens/Toronto Star via Getty Images

One of the many problems with Alien 3 was its lack of escalation. The first film in the franchise, Ridley Scott's Alien, was a claustrophobic monster movie about a small group of underqualified people trying to escape a murderous creature. The sequel, James Cameron's action masterpiece Aliens, opened up the concept by adding a squad of soldiers, a massive space colony, and — as the title suggested — more than one bad beast. Then 1992's Alien 3, the directorial debut of a young David Fincher, was … a claustrophobic monster movie about a small group of underqualified people trying to escape a murderous creature. One chest burst forward, two chest bursts back.

But there's an alternate universe where the series' propulsive momentum only increased — a reality in which the third Alien film featured advanced xenomorphs exploding in batches of half a dozen from people's legs, stomachs, and mouths; where cold-warring rival space stations of communists and capitalists race to outdo one another with their genetic experiments on the aliens' tissue; where a flock of the phallic horrors flies through the void of space, only to be beaten back by a gun-toting robot. Oh, and there's a thing called the New Beast that emerges from and sheds a shrieking human's body as it "rips her face apart in a single movement, the glistening claws coming away with skin, eyes, muscle, teeth, and splinters of bone."

This is the alternate universe where legendary science-fiction writer William Gibson's Alien III (that's "III," not "3") screenplay was realized. It is, perhaps, a better world than ours. There would have been bold, weird, new ideas that pushed the series forward; ones that rethought what the aliens could be metaphors for — nuclear weapons, genetic intellectual property held by shadowy corporations, pandemics. Geeks would have gotten the thrill of seeing one of the all-time-great sci-fi concepts interpreted by one of the genre's greatest scribes. And yet, not only was the script never produced, it's largely been forgotten.

You can find the screenplay in an antiquated .txt file online, and there have been occasional discussions of it on message boards and niche blogs, but for whatever reason, it hasn't been appropriately acknowledged as the remarkable genre-fiction artifact that it is. Indeed, with studio backing and the right production team, one can imagine the finished film being on par with Alien and Aliens, and it certainly would have altered the course of the franchise's history. With the arrival of Alien Covenant — a movie that, whatever its merits, largely retreads ideas from the series' previous installments — it's time to tell the story of how Gibson's Alien III came to be, why it never crossed the finish line, and what made it special.

The story behind the story begins on July 18, 1986, with the release of Aliens. The sequel was an instant smash, dominating the box office with a $10 million opening weekend and widespread critical praise. Mouths watered at the Century City headquarters of its studio, 20th Century Fox. Roger Birnbaum, the president of worldwide production, took to proudly calling the series "the Franchise," with a capital F. "Clearly, audiences wanted more," Sigourney Weaver later told writer Douglas Perry.

One member of that adoring worldwide audience was Gibson. The Vancouver-based author was arguably the brightest rising star in science fiction, having published in 1984 his masterful debut Neuromancer. The novel had put cyberpunk on the map and introduced the term "cyberspace" into the popular lexicon, and although it was set on Earth, it had been significantly influenced by the spacefaring Alien mythos. "I loved the first two," Gibson tells Vulture, "and the 'dirty spaceship' aesthetic of the first had been a conscious inspiration in my fiction." He published a Neuromancer sequel, Count Zero, in 1986, and was getting attention outside the world of nerdom.

Among those interested in the young author were Alien and Aliens producers David Giler, Walter Hill, and Gordon Carroll. With the success of Aliens, they got to work on a third installment and looked at a variety of concepts: series lead Ellen Ripley and her young companion Newt looking for an alien in a Blade Runner–ish megalopolis, a bunch of aliens congealing into a giant kaiju that destroys New York, and so on. They were dissatisfied with them all. Then Giler had an idea. He'd read Neuromancer and thought that its vision of Earth synced well with the films' gist (not knowing Alien's influence on the book), so he proposed that they reach out to the 30-something writer.
In the latter half of 1987, Gibson got a call from the producers and he was flown to L.A. to talk it all out over dinner. Giler and Hill had been contemplating the notion of a communist faction in space as a possible aspect of a third Alien, and they presumably brought that up, though Gibson says he doesn't "remember anything about it other than being told that Ripley wasn't to be a character." Weaver has said she didn't want to participate in any significant way because she "felt Ripley was going to become a burden to the story" and that "there are only so many aspects to that character," but Gibson suspects contract negotiations played a part, too.

He was disappointed by that handicap, but was still full of ideas. "I probably told them of my curiosity about what you'd get if the xenomorph gestated in a kitten, say, or an elephant," he recalls. The producers wanted to move forward with him. One problem, according to Gibson: "I had never thought of writing a screenplay before. I had literally never read one." Nevertheless, he wanted to move forward — for reasons both creative and pecuniary. "They were offering quite a lot of money, there was never any sense that I was auditioning for the job, and it seemed like an interesting thing to attempt," Gibson says. He got copies of the scripts for Alien and Aliens and perused them: "I decided to read the two existing scripts very closely, then try to triangulate them, creating a third that would feel like part of the one thing, but be its own critter at the same time."

Speaking of critters, there was one big metaphor that the franchise's titular monsters represented for Gibson, a metaphor that felt very relevant in the late Cold War. "I had long had, since first viewing Alien, in fact, this sense that the xenomorph was a bio-weapon," Gibson says. He also had a discovery while perusing the old scripts: "Having been deprived of Ripley, I became aware of how much I'd liked Bishop" — the benevolent android played by Lance Henriksen. But he couldn't just have Bishop in the spotlight, so he reconciled with the fact that Michael Biehn's gentle Space Marine Hicks would have to take a more prominent role. All the elements were in place. Gibson sat at his Apple IIc, fired up Microsoft Word (he didn't have any script-writing software; the biggest challenge of the script was "doing all the tabulation by hand," hitting keys a million times to center things), and got to work.

"FADE IN: DEEP SPACE — THE FUTURE" reads the script's opening. "The silent field of stars — eclipsed by the dark bulk of an approaching ship." This is the Sulaco, the military transport ship from Aliens, now bearing the cryogenically frozen skeleton crew of that film's survivors: Ripley, Hicks, Newt, and Bishop. We travel aboard and hear an alarm blare. Our heroes are no longer alone.
A group of spacefarers arrives on the Sulaco and start poking around. These are folks from an interstellar government known as the Union of Progressive Peoples — in short, space commies. As we later learn, they live their lives in opposition to the rapaciously hypercapitalist ideology of corporations like Weyland-Yutani, the company pulling the strings in the first two films. The Sulaco has accidentally flown into its space and has to be checked out.

Things don't go smoothly for the multi-ethnic UPP crew — the most notable of them in the script is a female Vietnamese commando — who are soon attacked by an impregnation-minded Facehugger that had been hiding in the entrails of Bishop (he'd been ripped in half by an alien queen in Aliens' climax). The group kills it and bring it and Bishop off-ship with them, their plans as yet unknown. They leave the Sulaco to continue its drift, and with good reason — there's an uneasy peace between the UPP and its capitalist rivals, and they're not interested in upsetting the balance of power. Yet.
We drift along with the Sulaco, all the way to the place where most of the film's action takes place: a capitalist, shopping-mall-heavy society on a space station called Anchorpoint. There, the ship gets picked up and boarded again, and in the ensuing pages, we meet an array of characters who are drawn into the consequences of its arrival: lab techs Tully and Spence, Anchorpoint Marine colonel Rosetti, and a pair of mysterious Weyland-Yutani operatives named Welles and Fox. (This being the Alien franchise, everyone just goes by their last name.) Ripley's cryo-pod gets damaged and she goes into a coma, and little Newt is wisely sent back to Earth to stay with family (there's a sweet scene where she draws a map of where she'll be and pins it next to the comatose Ripley), but Hicks sticks around on Anchorpoint.

Oh, Hicks, if you only knew what you were getting yourself into. Over the course of the ensuing pages, everything goes all Murphy's Law, as things are wont to do in an Alien flick. The UPP delivers Bishop to Anchorpoint but surreptitiously do experiments on the Facehugger's genetic material; Welles and Fox oversee similar covert tinkering on Anchorpoint with tissue samples recovered from two aliens that stowed away on the Sulaco. The UPP clones a bunch of the suckers on a space station called the Rodina ("homeland" in Russian) and their homegrown aliens run amok.

The capitalists' problems are more gruesome. In the lab, Tully and Welles get infected by an airborne, quasi-viral version of the xenomorph DNA that incubates inside their bodies. (A similar idea was introduced in 2012's prequel Prometheus, though a source from inside that film tells me the screenwriters had never heard of Gibson's draft.) They, in turn, inadvertently spread the infection across Anchorpoint. The result is the creation of the aforementioned New Beasts — Cronenberg-esque human-xenomorph hybrids that emerge from human carapaces and cause, as one scene's stage direction puts it, "blind screaming chaos." Despite the efforts of Hicks and a group of inexperienced Marines to destroy the growing hive and their mutated queen ("Its abdomen is arched like an inverted scorpion-tail, tipped with a swollen, semi-translucent sac that ripples and pulses in the glare of Hicks' lamp," the script says), things continue to go to hell in a space-handbasket.

The climax finds Hicks, Bishop, and a handful of survivors attempting to flee Anchorpoint by scurrying in zero gravity across the hull to get to some escape vehicles. A pack of aliens comes after them, soaring through the void — it turns out they don't need air — and although the normally placid Bishop goes after them with a pulse rifle, it doesn't look good for our heroes. Just then, a UPP ship piloted by the Vietnamese commando arrives and rescues the capitalist pigs. Soon after, a massive detonation programmed by Bishop destroys Anchorpoint — an echo of the endings of both of the previous films.

The protagonists await the arrival of a ship called the USS Kansas City and Bishop points out that this unity against a common enemy may be what finally brings an end to the intergalactic Cold War — "You're a species again," the android says. But he notes that the only way for them to stop this sort of thing from happening again is to find the aliens' home world, thus putting the dominoes in place for a sequel. "These creatures are to biological life what antimatter is to matter," Bishop muses, more or less summarizing all of the mythos up to that point. At its close, the script returns to the simplicity of its opening. "EXT. SPACE," it reads. "Kansas City. Receding. Gone. The stars. FADE OUT. THE END."

Gibson sent his saga to the producers in early 1988. He says their response was "'Hollywood positive' — 'This is great, thanks,' which can mean they find it passable or that you're fired." It wasn't exactly the latter, but it also wasn't quite the former. "We got the opposite of what we expected," Giler later said. "We figured we'd get a script that was all over the place, but which would have many good ideas we could use. It turned out to be a competently written screenplay but not as inventive as we wanted it to be." Gibson suspects they never even intended to film anything he might have written: "In retrospect, I assume they weren't expecting to get a real script from me, but something studded with newfangled cyberpunk ideas they could then pass on to a pro screenwriter," he muses.
Nonetheless, Gibson was asked to do a second draft. He doesn't recall what he was told to do differently, but "whatever it was hasn't left any memory of a great revelation, or of onerous labor, so I doubt it was very demanding." He turned it in, got paid his second tranche, and wasn't called back. As the years wore on, the producers went in a completely different direction and the threequel was lodged in development hell. When it finally emerged in 1992, Alien 3 inverted the basic casting premise: Ripley was the only survivor from Aliens; Newt and Hicks died in the first few minutes. Her adventures on a prison colony, running from an alien that mimicked a dog, bore absolutely no resemblance to those of Alien III.

Hollywood protocol held that Gibson would be sent all subsequent drafts from other writers, just so he could track whether or not his ideas were being reused, and he says he read "something like 30 different drafts in all. But by the end, "It seemed to me that all that had survived of mine was a bar-code tattooed on the back of someone's neck" — a throwaway element in his screenplay — "so I told them I was okay with no credit. But that was maybe a little too much time spent watching those particular sausages being made."

That said, geeks and cinephiles should be glad that he did spend time in the sausage factory, because what he crafted holds up. The producers may have been disappointed that Gibson's script lacked any cyberpunk insanity, but that doesn't mean it lacks interesting ideas. He was able to take the franchise's existing elements of body horror and blow them out to unspeakably terrifying degrees. He put the aliens in new environments and warped forms. He built out the world of the series without overexplaining or hitting the Cold War metaphors too hard.

Most of all, it's just a crackerjack action story — a fact that's especially remarkable because Gibson had never penned a screenplay and only read two. Sure, it would've needed work, but it was a firm and solid foundation. Though Alien III may not have been what the producers were looking for, it may have been what they needed. Perhaps a comic-book adaptation could be in order? A novel? A fan film? Like a facehugger lying dormant in a cryochamber, it's still out there, lingering in the backwaters of the internet, just waiting for a host to give it life.

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

Satellite Images Revealed the Secret Meaning of These Ancient Desert Spirals




Satellite Images Revealed the Secret Meaning of These Ancient Desert Spirals
May 16 2017, 3:00am


MARTIN BERNETTI/Staff/Getty Images

The Nazca lines are world famous geoglyphs, and their nearby spiral structure help explain why they were built.

Imagine staring out the window of an airplane and seeing a 1,200-foot hummingbird carved into the earth. Now imagine realizing that design was carved sometime between 1 and 700 AD. That's how the Nazca lines were first introduced to the western world.

Found in the southern desert region of Peru, the Nazca lines are massive drawings in the soil, also known as geoglyphs. They're named after the ancient civilization that lived in the region: the Nazca. The lines range from spirals to intricate designs like monkeys, llamas, and flowers. Some of the drawings are up to 1,200 feet—that's more than three football fields—which means they're best viewed from above, in a plane, or from a satellite.



One of the Nazca lines. Image: WikiMedia Commons

But they were created long before planes or satellites, leaving generations of scholars to ponder why they were made, particularly if the Nazca people couldn't enjoy the full glory of their work. Thanks to satellite imaging, scientists believe they have a good hypothesis for the mystery behind these lines. They were linked to the most precious desert resource: water.


"They were able to use the underground water to have irrigation, and aqueducts, for agricultural activity and in this way it was possible for the Nazca to transform the desert into a garden," said Rosa Lasaponara a senior research at the National Research Council in Rome.

Lasaponara co-authored a study last year that used satellite images to investigate some unusual structures found in the landscape near the Nazca lines: spiral-shaped holes called puquios. The satellite imaging allowed the researchers to see below the surface and identify underground water channels that connected these spiral holes, and realized they were part of an advanced, ancient aqueduct system.

Underground water was led through canals to the parts of the region where the Nazca lives and farmed. The water was propelled in part by these spiral puquios, which forced wind into the underground channels to push the water through the system.

This understanding was huge, because it lent credibility to a theory many scientists already had about the Nazca lines, that they were ceremonial, and linked to water. Since the structures nearby were part of a sophisticated water system, it makes sense that the ritualistic designs would be to mark that water's location and/or to give thanks for this hydration.

"It's very clear that the puquios and Nazca lines have the same meaning, because water was the way to survive in the desert environment," Lasaponara said. "The Nazca lines were to way to thank the gods for this."

Some people still aren't satisfied with this explanation, and believe these designs are messages sent to ancient aliens or that the Nazca people invented prehistoric hot air balloons to survey their work. But Dylan Thuras, the co-founder of Atlas Obscura, a site dedicated to the world's hidden wonders, said these theories are trying to use a very modern viewpoint to explain an ancient mystery.
"If you only look at it in one framework, that it's a giant carving to be seen from above, you get completely hung up on trying to figure out how it was possible," Thuras said. "But if you understand its relation to water sources, it doesn't seem so impossible."

Subscribe to Science Solved It , Motherboard's new show about the greatest mysteries that were solved by science.


Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

Wednesday, May 17, 2017

‘The Ghetto Tarot’: Haitian artists transform classic tarot deck into stunning real life scenes




Death

Welcome to the Ghetto Tarot, a project from award-winning documentary photographer Alice Smeets and a group of Haitian artists known as Atis Rezistans. The idea was to take the classic Rider-Waite tarot deck of 78 cards and create a photographic version of each card using settings and objects in the vibrant ghetto of Haiti.

As Smeets says, "The spirit of the Ghetto Tarot project is the inspiration to turn negative into positive while playing. The group of artists 'Atiz Rezistans' use trash to create art with their own visions that are a reflection of the beauty they see hidden within the waste. They are claiming the word 'Ghetto,' thus freeing themselves of its depreciating undertone and turning it into something beautiful."
Smeets also related some of the memorable incidents while executing the photo shoots:
There have been plenty of little, funny moments. One example: when we were shooting the scene of the Death card, I asked the artists if they had real skulls to place them in the picture. Five minutes later, Claudel, one of the artists and my dearest assistant, came along holding a plastic bag filled with skulls in his hands as if it was the most normal thing in the world to carry dead peoples heads around.
It constantly surprised me how the artists almost always found immediately what I asked for. For the picture of the High Priestess, we needed horns to place them next to her feet. I hadn't let them known beforehand that we would be in need of them. As soon as Claudel found out, he ran and came back a moment later with two horns in his hands. They never told me where they found all of the materials, they just happened to lay around somewhere in the Ghetto.
The Ghetto Tarot has been fully funded on indiegogo, and you can place an order for a full deck at the price of 32 euros (about $36).

(Clicking on any image in this post will spawn a larger image.)



The Nine of Cups



Justice



The Nine of Swords



The King of Swords



The Hanged Man



The Hermit



The Six of Swords



The Eight of Cups



The Five of Cups



The Sun



The Three of Swords

Here's a brief video featuring interviews with some of the photo subjects (very interesting):
</p><p>
via 500px iso

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

The Exodus


Frans Francken I. Hans skola: Den rike mannen och Lazarus. NM 429
I have seen your religion, and I hate it.
I have heard your doctrine, and I loathe it.
Take away your empty praise songs,
your vacuous worshiptainment.
Your mouth is full of religious words,
but your proverbs are salted manure.

“The sick deserve to be sick.
The poor deserve to be poor.
The rich deserve to be rich.
The imprisoned deserve to be imprisoned.”
Because you never saw him sick, or poor, or in prison.

“If he had followed police instructions,
if he had minded the company he keeps,
he would not have been killed,”
You say in the hearing
of a man hanging on a cross
between two thieves.

“People who live good lives
do not have pre-existing conditions,” you say,
carving these words over the hospital door:
“Who sinned, this man or his parents,
that he was born blind?”

“It is the church’s job, not the government’s,”
say you fat sheep,
defending your fat shepherds,
shoving and butting with shoulders and horns,
while you foul the water,
grass,
and air,
and scatter the hungry sheep.

You watch the melting glaciers and say to the waves of the sea,
“this far shall you come, and no farther,”
as if your will could change the weather,
as if your will could be done in the heavens as it is on this earth,
as if you could drill the sky the way you drill the soil.

In your telling,
in the story of the starving of the five thousand,
there are not twelve baskets collected of left-over food;
In your story, God’s abundance becomes scarcity,
and the crowds devour each other.
“Send them into the villages to buy food,”
and let the Invisible Hand’s miracle of the free market sort them out,
the worthy from the unworthy,
while you eat the two fish and five pieces of bread
volunteered by a child.
These ungrateful poor,
the welfare queens
with their anchor babies,
stop before your disciples’ raised palms;
they hear you say,
“The Master cannot be bothered to bless your children.”

You see Hannah drunk,
and you jail her for fetal endangerment.

Like Haman, you hide behind the skirts of the king;
you make laws and pay bribes
that allow vigilante violence
and private discrimination
against those you hate,
sheltering underneath plausible deniability.
“It’s not a Muslim ban,” you say one day.
“It’s about religious liberty,” you say another.

This Bible you wave, this word you claim,
it is sharper than any two-edged sword.
You wield it poorly; it slices you on the backstroke.
You know neither the scriptures nor the power of God.
You tie up heavy yokes for others
whose burdens you do not bear,
but you will not lift a finger to help them.
To some you say, “Do not marry, but burn.”
You lock them out of the kingdom of God.
You cross sea and land for your missionary work,
and teach others to be as hateful as you.

Your kingdom is not the public park of Zechariah,
where children play in the streets
and old men and women lean on their canes for very age.
It is not the land where every fearless household
has its own vine and fig tree,
their own means of production and shade for their rest.
It is not the land where everyone has a home.
Your kingdom is the one with gates,
where homeless beggars have their sores licked by dogs,
where people who have the audacity to grow old
pay a premium for their insolence.
Like Ahab, you covet all the vines, all the fig trees,
letting your domain stretch as far as your eye can see,
adding house to house and field to field
until, in your gentrified land
there is room for no one but you and yours.
Like Pharaoh, you call those who refuse you “Lazy, lazy.”
You build walls, and walls, and walls, and walls,
and you stuff your ears to the sound of protest songs
that will shake those walls down.

I have seen your christ, and he is my antichrist.
He is the herald of a violent god,
a god of fertility but not fruitfulness,
a god of embryos but not emancipation, pro-birth and anti-life,
a god of war and retribution but not of justice,
a god of order but not of peace,
a god of might but not of mercy,
a god of marriage but not of love,
a god of sex but not of pleasure,
a god of platitudes but not of wisdom,
a god of work but not of sabbath,
a god who demands sacrifice from the poor but luxury and reward for Pharaoh.

Your religion is the religion of pyramids pointed heavenwards,
towers built to reach the heavens.
Supported by their flat base, built by slave labor,
they are stable monuments to wealth and death.
You fill their secret rooms with gold so that
in the afterlife,
you may cross to paradise
on the backs of the oppressed,
and live in forgetful pleasure for eternity.
Your gilded gospel is rusty ruin.

You are why the ancient Hebrews
seldom talked about an afterlife,
weary as they were of working
for Egypt’s dead heaven.
Your idols and your religion
are why those slaves left the yoke of heaven,
the land of binding,
for a wide wilderness,
for a nameless, faceless God
who told them they—even they—
were made in God’s image.
You are why your churches are empty
of those who love and believe in freedom.
You are why the Gentiles blaspheme the name of God.
You are the reason for the Exodus.

And if you pursue, may God throw you into the sea.
And the horse you rode in on.

References:
Amos 5:21-24
Luke 14:34-35
Matthew 25:31-46
Luke 23:33
John 9:1-12
Ezekiel 34
Job 38:11
Matthew 13:14-21
Matthew 19:13-15
1 Samuel 1:12-20
Esther 3:8-11
Hebrews 4:12
Matthew 22:9
Matthew 23:13-26
1 Corinthians 7:9
Zechariah 8:4
Micah 4:4
Isaiah 65:21-25
Luke 16:19-31
1 Kings 21
Isaiah 5:8
Exodus 5:17
Joshua 6
Genesis 11:1-9
Exodus 15:21

Saudi Press Just Accused US Govt of Blowing Up World Trade Centers as Pretext to Perpetual War


Washington, D.C. – In response to the U.S. Senate's unanimous vote to allow 9/11 victims' families to sue Saudi Arabia in federal court, a report published in the London-based Al-Hayat daily, by Saudi legal expert Katib al-Shammari, claims that the U.S. masterminded the terror attacks as a means of creating a nebulous "enemy" in order garner public support for a global war on terror.

Sponsored These Images will Make you Super Emotional Sponsored by Hyperactivz Get it now
The report by al-Shammari, translated by the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), claims that long-standing American policy is "built upon the principle of advance planning and future probabilities," which the U.S. has now turned toward the Saudi regime after being successfully employed against first the Taliban and al-Qaeda, then Saddam Hussein and his secular Baathist controlled Iraq.

Al-Shammari claims the recent U.S. threats to "expose" documents implicating the Saudi government are simply the continuation of a U.S. policy, which he refers to as "victory by means of archive." He highlights that during the initial invasion of Iraq, under George H.W. Bush, Saddam Hussein was left alive and in power to be used as "a bargaining chip," but upon deciding that he was "no longer an ace up their sleeve" Washington moved to topple his government and install a U.S.-backed ruling party.

The terrorist attacks of 9/11 are now the "ace up the sleeve" of the U.S. government, according to al-Shammari.
"September 11 is one of winning cards in the American archives, because all the wise people in the world who are experts on American policy and who analyze the images and the videos [of 9/11] agree unanimously that what happened in the [Twin] Towers was a purely American action, planned and carried out within the U.S. Proof of this is the sequence of continuous explosions that dramatically ripped through both buildings… Expert structural engineers demolished them with explosives, while the planes crashing [into them] only gave the green light for the detonation – they were not the reason for the collapse. But the U.S. still spreads blame in all directions. [This policy] can be dubbed 'victory by means of archives."
The impetus behind the attacks, writes al-Shammari, was to create "an obscure enemy – terrorism – which became what American presidents blamed for all their mistakes" and that would provide justification for any "dirty operation" in any nation.

According to al-Shammari's report in Al-Hayat:
"On September 11, the U.S. attained several victories at the same time, that [even] the hawks [who were at that time] in the White House could not have imagined. Some of them can be enumerated as follows:
1. The U.S. created, in public opinion, an obscure enemy – terrorism – which became what American presidents blamed for all their mistakes, and also became the sole motivation for any dirty operation that American politicians and military figures desire to carry out in any country. [The] terrorism [label] was applied to Muslims, and specifically to Saudi Arabia.
Find Out More >
2. Utilizing this incident [9/11], the U.S. launched a new age of global armament. Everyone wanted to acquire all kinds of weapons to defend themselves and at the same time battle the obscure enemy, terrorism – [even though] up to this very moment we do not know the essence of this terrorism of which the U.S. speaks, except [to say that] that it is Islamic…
3. The U.S. made the American people choose from two bad options: either live peacefully [but] remain exposed to the danger of death [by terrorism] at any moment, or starve in safety, because [the country's budget will be spent on sending] the Marines even as far as Mars to defend you."
The Saudi press has been in a frenzy since the unanimous Senate vote to allow for the House of Saud to be held liable in U.S. federal court for the 9/11 attacks, with the U.S. being accused of being in alliance with Iran – to press warnings that passage of the "Satanic" bill would "open the gates of hell," as reported by Breitbart.

Al-Shammari makes extremely clear that he views the problem as the U.S. imperial machine itself, stating, "the nature of the U.S. is that it cannot exist without an enemy."
"The nature of the U.S. is that it cannot exist without an enemy… [For example,] after a period during which it did not fight anyone [i.e. following World War II], the U.S. created a new kind of war – the Cold War… Then, when the Soviet era ended, after we Muslims helped the religions and fought Communism on their [the Americans'] behalf, they began to see Muslims as their new enemy! The U.S. saw a need for creating a new enemy – and planned, organized, and carried this out [i.e. blamed Muslims for terrorism]. This will never end until it [the U.S.] accomplishes the goals it has set for itself."
While it seems fighting Islamic terrorism is great for increasing fear and state propaganda meant to elicit compliant civilian populations that passively accept loss of liberty for promises of greater security, the military-industrial complex needs a bigger enemy to justify their $600 billion dollar-a-year budgets, thus beginning the transition to labeling Russia/China as "aggressive Russia/China," in an effort to begin to pivot away from one boogeyman to other, more profitable, ones.

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.

Single Payer Success in NY as Medicare-for-All Bill Passes State Assembly


'The New York State Assembly is leading the way with the only kind of healthcare bill that will put people before profits'

A single-payer rally in Albany, New York last month. (Photo: WAMC)

As the momentum behind Medicare-for-All continues to grow nationwide, New York's State Assembly on Tuesday was expected to pass a single-payer healthcare bill that puts the state light years ahead of the regressive GOP in Washington, D.C.

The New York Health Act would afford all state residents access to comprehensive inpatient and outpatient care, primary and preventative care, prescription drugs, behavioral health services, laboratory testing, and rehabilitative care, as well as dental, vision, and hearing coverage. There would be no premiums, deductibles, or co-pays; the plan would be funded through progressively raised taxes, including a surcharge that would be split 80/20 between employers and employees.
As Salon's Amanda Marcotte wrote earlier this month, the legislation's lead sponsor, Assemblyman Richard Gottfried, says "'almost all New Yorkers would pay less than they currently do' because they would be able to replace their current plans with this more affordable state-based plan."
Furthermore, Marcotte reported:
Gerald Friedman, an economics professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, agreed. In 2015 he wrote an analysis of the proposed bill and concluded that a single-payer system would save money across the board by reducing health care spending.
"One [advantage] is that a single-payer plan will allow providers to economize on the costs of handling the billing and insurance-related expenses," Friedman argued.
Previous incarnations of the bill have passed the lower chamber multiple times, only to not be picked up for consideration by the state Senate. This time could be different.
As the Village Voice explained Tuesday:
Currently the bill is only two votes shy of passing in the 63-seat state Senate. It recently picked up the support of the influential Independent Democratic Conference, buoying its number of supporters to 30.
A special election on May 23 to fill an assembly seat vacated by now-councilmember Bill Perkins is all but guaranteed to go to real estate developer Brian Benjamin, who has vowed to support the bill, [Senate sponsor Gustavo] Rivera told the Voice. The only hurdles now include the conversion of just one more holdout—the most likely target is Senator Simcha Felder, a Democrat who caucuses with Republicans—plus a small pile of procedural battles. Felder, who told the Guardian in April that he had no position on the bill, did not respond to multiple phone calls and emails from the Voice.
With the fate of the bill now resting with the Senate, proponents like Citizen Action of New York board president Ivette Alfonso on Tuesday urged state senators "to prove once and for all they are with the people and against [President Donald] Trump."

"As the radical right wing in Washington try to disguise a $500 billion dollar tax cut for the super-rich and insurance giants as a healthcare bill, the New York State Assembly is leading the way with the only kind of healthcare bill that will put people before profits, and make healthcare what it should be, a human right," Alfonso said.

"We are at a critical juncture as Washington considers new laws that would further entrench the insurance business, setting back patient access to quality, affordable care," added Jill Furillo, a registered nurse and executive director of the New York State Nurses Association, which lobbied for the bill.

"But with this vote, the Assembly recognizes that New York is ready to move forward, not backwards, and put in place a system that makes patient need the priority and says no to health insurance gatekeepers," she said. "We salute the Assembly and urge the Senate to do the same."

Evernote helps you remember everything and get organized effortlessly. Download Evernote.